Images become broken when the fingerprinting resistion mechanism is enabled

Why does this happen

When Firefox’s privacy.resistFingerprinting feature is activated, it modifies how the HTML Canvas element functions to combat “Canvas Fingerprinting,” a technique where unique device characteristics are used to track users. This feature interferes with the rendering of images, and leads to distortions as Firefox introduces randomness in the data obtained from canvas elements.

What You Should Check to Resolve Your Issue

Uncheck the Enable strong protection against fingerprinting checkbox in Floorp’s settings or set privacy.resistFingerprinting = false in about:config